Audience:
Experienced engineers and technicians needing to gain a working knowledge of fiber optic based systems; control and instrumentation engineers; industrial system integrators; students taking electronics or computing degree courses; electrical, mechanical and chemical engineers and technicians wishing to understand the essentials of fiber optics.
From the Publisher
* Ideal for those with some background in communications but without previous knowledge of fiber optics
* Provides a comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals of fiber optic systems and their individual components
* Places emphasis on practical techniques of component installation and system design
Fiber Optics is a technology that uses glass (or plastic) threads (fibers) to transmit data. A fiber optic cable consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of which is capable of transmitting messages modulated onto light waves. Fiber optics have several advantages over traditional metal communications lines.
While there are plenty of theoretical texts on fiber optics, high-level engineering texts and installation guides, there are few comprehensive applied texts for practicing engineers. This book covers design issues, installation and troubleshooting in the right depth for engineers working in industry. Readers will use this knowledge to develop the required techniques for design, installation and maintenance of their own fiber optic systems.
Table of Contents
Preface
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Historical background to fiber optics 2
1.2 Comparison of fiber optic and copper cabling systems 4
2 Definitions and fundamental principals 8
2.1 Transmitters, receivers and communication channels 8
2.2 Types of communication channels 11
2.3 Communications channel properties 12
2.4 Data transmission modes 18
2.5 Light 22
2.6 The electromagnetic spectrum 23
2.7 Revisiting copper cables 24
2.8 Factors affecting copper cable performance 26
2.9 Coaxial cable 27
2.10 Twisted pair cable 29
2.11 Sources of interference and noise on cables 35
3 Theory of fiber optic transmission 42
3.1 Fundamental principles of operation 42
3.2 The light transmission nature of glass 50
3.3 Numerical aperture 51
3.4 Modal propagation in fibers 54
3.5 Bandwidth 67
3.6 Wave division multiplexing 68
3.7 Effects on optical signal transmission 68
3.8 Other losses 75
3.9 Other types of fibers 75
3.10 Fabrication of fibers 77
4 Fiber optic cable construction 81
4.1 Basic cable construction objectives 81
4.2 Fiber tensile ratings 82
4.3 Cable structural elements 83
4.4 Central member 84
4.5 Strength members 84
4.6 Fiber housing 85
4.7 Moisture barrier 88
4.8 Cable sheaths 88
4.9 Cable armoring 89
4.10 Classes of fiber optic cables 89
5 Connecting fibers 97
5.1 Optical connection issues 97
5.2 Fiber end preparation 104
5.3 Splicing fibers 105
5.4 Connectors 111
5.5 Optical couplers 117
6 Optical drivers and detectors 120
6.1 Optical sources 120
6.2 Light emitting diodes (LED) 120
6.3 Laser diodes 125
6.4 Optical transmitter modules 128
6.5 Laser safety considerations 129
6.6 Optical detectors 129
6.7 Pin photodiodes 129
6.8 Avalanche photodiodes 132
6.9 Optical receiver modules 134
6.10 Optical amplifiers 136
7 Installing fiber optic cables 138
7.1 Initial preparation for a cable installation 138
7.2 General installation rules and procedures 142
7.3 Indoor cable installations 154
7.4 Outdoor cable installations 156
7.5 Other installation methods 158
7.6 Splicing trays/organizers and termination cabinets 160
8 Fiber optic system design 166
8.1 Initial design considerations 167
8.2 Design loss calculations 172
8.3 Design bandwidth calculations 178
9 Testing of fiber optic systems 184
9.1 Fundamental concepts of optical measurement 184
9.2 Standard fiber optic tests 187
9.3 Other fiber optic tests 197
10 Technologies that use optical fibers 201
10.1 Communications systems 202
10.2 Local area network applications 204
10.3 MAN and WAN applications 208
10.4 Sensors 214
10.5 Bundled fiber applications 217
App. A: Glossary 218
App. B: Practical sheets 246
Index 259
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